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New century, cabin design has become an important factor affecting the compact capability of modern naval vessels. Traditional cabin design, based on naval rules and designer's subjective feeling and experience, holds that weapons...
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New century, cabin design has become an important factor affecting the compact capability of modern naval vessels. Traditional cabin design, based on naval rules and designer's subjective feeling and experience, holds that weapons and equipments are more important than habitability. So crew's satisfaction is not high to ships designed by traditional methods. In order to solve this problem, the method of multiple attribute group decision-making was proposed to evaluate the cabin design projects. This method considered many factors affecting cabin design, established a target system, quantified fuzzy factors in cabin design, analyzed the need of crews and gave a reasonable evaluation on cabin design projects. Finally, an illustrative example analysis validates the effectiveness and reliability of this method.
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About two-thirds of China's population resides in rural areas, relying on collectively owned rural land as a primary source of both current income and long-term security. The institutional arrangements under which rights to such l...
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About two-thirds of China's population resides in rural areas, relying on collectively owned rural land as a primary source of both current income and long-term security. The institutional arrangements under which rights to such land are held largelydetermine both the economic viability of rural households and the long-term sustainability of the land. The first stage of China's recent rural land system reforms involved the transition from collective ownership and management of rural land to a systemunder which the rights to use and manage collectively owned rural land were contracted directly to households. Although the earliest steps of the Household Responsibility System reforms involved only arable land, grassland resources would soon follow. For nearly 20 years, institutionalisation of the Household Responsibility System reforms has remained the underlying principle of Chinese rural land laws and policies.
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The detection of crack is one of the main topics of the dam safety monitoring. The most used method of detecting the cracks now is to apply the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. But it cannot resolve many problems. We studied and deve...
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The detection of crack is one of the main topics of the dam safety monitoring. The most used method of detecting the cracks now is to apply the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. But it cannot resolve many problems. We studied and developed the method of applying the surface acoustic wave to detect the crack depth in concrete. The maximal detecting depth of crack reaches 10m and it can carry out the testing on any surface of concrete structure. The paper discusses the detecting principle, measuring methods and instruments and some field detection examples.
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The polarization smoothing (PS) of the focal spot on target is a key technology for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser. A mathematical model is presented to analyze the polarization smoothing in a convergent beam. The relatio...
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The polarization smoothing (PS) of the focal spot on target is a key technology for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser. A mathematical model is presented to analyze the polarization smoothing in a convergent beam. The relation between the separations (both transverse and longitudinal) of focal spots and the parameters of the crystal are established. Via numerical simulation, the three-dimensional distributions of the far-field with and without PS are demonstrated. The relation between the property of the focal spot and the crystal's thickness and tilt angle are obtained. Best smoothing can be achieved with the optimized thickness and tilt angle of the PS crystal.
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摘要 :
The polarization smoothing (PS) of the focal spot on target is a key technology for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser. A mathematical model is presented to analyze the polarization smoothing in a convergent beam. The relatio...
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The polarization smoothing (PS) of the focal spot on target is a key technology for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser. A mathematical model is presented to analyze the polarization smoothing in a convergent beam. The relation between the separations (both transverse and longitudinal) of focal spots and the parameters of the crystal are established. Via numerical simulation, the three-dimensional distributions of the far-field with and without PS are demonstrated. The relation between the property of the focal spot and the crystal's thickness and tilt angle are obtained. Best smoothing can be achieved with the optimized thickness and tilt angle of the PS crystal.
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摘要 :
Sputtering and arc evaporation have their advantages and drawbacks,and are the most widespread technologies to synthesize protective coating for cutting tools,which differ with respect to the type of evaporation of the metallic co...
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Sputtering and arc evaporation have their advantages and drawbacks,and are the most widespread technologies to synthesize protective coating for cutting tools,which differ with respect to the type of evaporation of the metallic components and the plasma conditions employed during the deposition process.High power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS),which combines the advantages of sputtering without growth defects and arc evaporation with high adatom mobility,attracts a great deal of attention.Here,the differences of A1-Ti-N coatings with a mixed cubic-NaCl and wurtzite-ZnS structure deposited by magnetron sputtering,cathodic arc evaporation and HPPMS have been studied.The Al-Ti-N coating deposited by HPPMS behaves dense and flawless growth structure,and also good adhesion with substrate.The coating deposited by arc-evaporation exhibits the best machining performance regardless of continuous turning and milling although three coatings show similar hardness value.Furthermore,we prepared TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coatings with different bilayer period by arc evaporation based on the previous research of deposition pattern.TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coating,which combines the advantages of thermal stability for Ti-A-lN and oxidation resistance for Cr-Al-N,improves their mechanical properties and cohesion with substrates,and thereby makes its cutting properties better.Among them,the best combination property is obtained by TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coating with bilayer period of ～8 nm.
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摘要 :
Sputtering and arc evaporation have their advantages and drawbacks,and are the most widespread technologies to synthesize protective coating for cutting tools,which differ with respect to the type of evaporation of the metallic co...
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Sputtering and arc evaporation have their advantages and drawbacks,and are the most widespread technologies to synthesize protective coating for cutting tools,which differ with respect to the type of evaporation of the metallic components and the plasma conditions employed during the deposition process.High power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS),which combines the advantages of sputtering without growth defects and arc evaporation with high adatom mobility,attracts a great deal of attention.Here,the differences of A1-Ti-N coatings with a mixed cubic-NaCl and wurtzite-ZnS structure deposited by magnetron sputtering,cathodic arc evaporation and HPPMS have been studied.The Al-Ti-N coating deposited by HPPMS behaves dense and flawless growth structure,and also good adhesion with substrate.The coating deposited by arc-evaporation exhibits the best machining performance regardless of continuous turning and milling although three coatings show similar hardness value.Furthermore,we prepared TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coatings with different bilayer period by arc evaporation based on the previous research of deposition pattern.TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coating,which combines the advantages of thermal stability for Ti-A-lN and oxidation resistance for Cr-Al-N,improves their mechanical properties and cohesion with substrates,and thereby makes its cutting properties better.Among them,the best combination property is obtained by TiAlN/CrAlN multilayer coating with bilayer period of ～8 nm.
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